2. Could the “Irin” (Nephilim) in Kedushin Be the Anunnaki? 3. Knowledge of the Anunnaki in Merkabah Literature—Hidden Behind Prohibitions?

 

Rewritten Explanation with Focus on Nephilim:The phrase "עירין קדושין" ("Holy Cities") refers to Jerusalem, Hebron, Safed, and Tiberias, revered in Jewish tradition as spiritual centers. While no direct textual link exists between this phrase and the Nephilim ("fallen ones" or giants from Genesis 6:1–4 and Numbers 13:33), a connection can be inferred through Hebron. In Numbers 13:22–33, Hebron is associated with the Anakim, a group possibly related to the Nephilim, described as fearsome giants. This suggests that Hebron, one of the Holy Cities, was once tied to narratives of ancient beings who represented spiritual or moral disruption. In Jewish thought, the sanctification of these cities as "עירין קדושין" may symbolize their transformation from places associated with the Nephilim’s chaos to centers of divine holiness and Jewish heritage.

2. Could the “Irin” (Nephilim) in Kedushin Be the Anunnaki?Yes, this is an intriguing comparison based on textual similarities, though not identical. In Genesis 6:1–4 (the basis for “Kedushin”—chapters on creation and the flood), the “sons of God” (bnei Elohim) descend to “daughters of men,” mating with them and producing the “Nephilim” (in Hebrew-Aramaic, “Irin”), giants and heroes but also a cause of the flood, symbolizing corruption.

• Similarities to the Anunnaki: In Sumerian texts, the Anunnaki “descend” to earth, are involved in human creation (from clay, like in the Torah), and trigger a flood. Both are “divine” beings interfering in the human world, and theories like Sitchin’s link the “sons of God” to the Anunnaki as aliens or superior entities. In the Book of Enoch (a Jewish apocryphal text, 3rd–1st centuries BCE), the Nephilim are fallen angels (names like Azazel, Shemhazai) who teach humanity secrets, similar to the Anunnaki imparting agriculture and technology.
• Differences: In Kabbalah and rabbinic tradition, the Nephilim are rebellious angels (not independent gods), and the story serves as a warning against avodah zarah (idolatry)—prohibiting worship of foreign entities. There’s no “Anunnaki” by name, and the text is monotheistic: everything is under God’s sovereignty. Scholars like Gershom Scholem (Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism) note syncretism (blending Babylonian influences) but not direct borrowing.

So, is it possible? Yes, as a cultural echo from antiquity. But it’s not a “hidden secret”—it’s part of the Torah’s historical context, written in a Mesopotamian world.3. Knowledge of the Anunnaki in Merkabah Literature—Hidden Behind Prohibitions?Merkabah literature (1st–10th centuries CE) is an early Jewish mystical tradition based on Ezekiel’s vision of the divine chariot (Ezekiel 1, the “throne” with living creatures and wheels). It includes texts like Heichalot Rabbati and Shirat Maalot, describing spiritual ascents to heavenly palaces, encounters with angels, and revelation of divine secrets. Kabbalah (from the 12th century onward, e.g., the Zohar) builds on it.

• Possibility of Concealment? There’s no direct mention of the Anunnaki, but there’s structural similarity: Merkabah angels (e.g., the chayot—man, lion, ox, eagle) resemble Mesopotamian gods as overseers of creation. Scholars like Peter Schäfer (The Hidden and Manifest God) note Gnostic and Babylonian influences on Jewish mysticism, including ideas of “fallen gods” or celestial beings descending to earth. The rabbinic prohibitions (Talmud, Hagigah 14b: “One does not expound the Merkabah alone unless they are wise and discerning”) aim to prevent chillul Hashem (desecration of God’s name)—interpretations equating angels with foreign gods, which could be seen as idolatry or heresy. This isn’t a “secret about the Anunnaki” but a safeguard for monotheism: all entities are God’s “messengers,” not independent deities.
• Not for Nothing—the Parable of the Pardes: You’re absolutely right. In the Mishnah (Hagigah 2:1), four sages enter the Pardes (the mystical “orchard” of Torah secrets): Rabbi Akiva emerges safely, Ben Azzai dies, Ben Zoma goes mad, and Elisha ben Abuya (Acher) becomes a heretic. This is a clear warning: studying Kabbalah/Merkabah is dangerous for the unprepared (age 40+, deep halachic knowledge), as it can lead to madness, spiritual death, or heresy. Scholars like Moshe Idel (Kabbalah and Eros) see this as fear of “pagan secrets”—external influences hidden in mystical knowledge. But it’s not specifically about the Anunnaki; it’s about any secret threatening pure faith.

In short: Mesopotamian knowledge likely seeped into mystical literature (e.g., the Book of Enoch, which influences Merkabah), but prohibitions target pagan interpretations. It’s not a “conspiracy”—it’s part of Judaism’s effort to preserve monotheistic identity in a polytheistic world.4. Conclusion: Possible, But Not the Big SecretIt’s possible that the Nephilim/Irin echo the Anunnaki—as an ancient cultural influence “purified” into monotheistic mysticism. In Merkabah literature, knowledge is “hidden” behind prohibitions to prevent heresy or idolatry, and the Pardes parable underscores the risk. But it’s not “just” that—it’s part of Judaism’s genius: taking foreign myths and transforming them into tools for approaching God. For deeper exploration, read the Book of Enoch (available on the Da’at website) or Rachel Elior’s The Three Temples: On the Emergence of Jewish Mysticism—they’ll surprise you.If you want to dive deeper (e.g., a specific text or theory), let me know! Shana Tova, and may you emerge safely from your own Pardes.